What are STDs? What causes an STD?:- Sexually transmitted diseases or infections are generally transmitted through some form of sexual contact, specifically unprotected sexual or genital contact. It must be kept in mind that sexual contact is not just intercourse (vaginal or anal). It includes kissing, oral-genital contact and use of other implements.
One of the most dangerous STD is HIV-AIDS (Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome). STDs can be caused by bacteria (cause Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis etc), fungi (cause jock itch etc), parasites (cause scabies, pubic lice etc), viruses (cause genital herpes, HPV-genital warts, HIV-AIDS etc) or protozoan (cause trichomoniasis).
What do you mean by ‘safe’ sex?:- The only pure form of safe sex is abstinence. Even kissing can transmit diseases like syphilis and herpes. Though, solitary sex (masturbation), non-penetrative sex, use of barriers (condoms), monogamy (especially between people who are both uninfected) and immunization can prevent STDs. Regular check-ups are suggested, especially for people with HIV negative for early diagnosis and treatment.
What contraceptives can you use for prevention from STDs?:- Condoms are a common form of protection against many diseases like Chlamydia and gonorrhea. Latex condoms are effective in preventing many STDs including Natural (lambskin) condoms do not prevent from STDs because of tiny pores that allow the virus to pass. Polyurethane condoms are also an alternative. Female condoms are not researched in that detail but are considered to be effective. Though, it cannot protect from infections like genital herpes, genital warts, syphilis and HPV. Complete prevention from HPV is not possible as it can still infect the areas not covered by condom.
Can STDs be treated?:- Many STDs are treatable. Though, an effective cure for some like HIV, HPV and hepatitis B and C are still being researched. Some diseases like Gonorrhea have become resistible to their cures. Prevention of spread of STDs is highly dependent on early diagnosis and treatment.
Where can I get tested or treated for STD?:- You can explore services at a sexual health centre or GUM (Genito-urinary Medicine) clinic or look for GP surgery.
Can pregnant women get infected by STDs? :- Yes, they can. Many STDs don’t show symptoms, so you may not know if you are infected. If you are pregnant, you should be tested for STDs, including HIV – AIDS, as a part of your medical care during pregnancy. STDs can complicate the pregnancy and may have serious effects on the baby and the mother. If left unchecked, the results can be life threatening.
Should you get tested and treated during the pregnancy?:- Yes, you should regularly get tested for STDs during pregnancy and more frequently towards the end.You can get treatments for STDs, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, trichomoniasis and BV which can all be treated and cured with antibiotics that are safe to take during pregnancy. However, STDs that are caused by viruses, like genital herpes, hepatitis B and HIV cannot be cured. In some cases these infections can be treated with antiviral medications or other preventive measures to reduce the risk of passing the infection to your baby.